PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.